TRANS TUBULAR POTASSIUM GRADIENT

from TOUCHCALC

programmed by Stephen Z. Fadem, M.D

Transtubular Potassium Gradient (TTKG)=(Upotassium/Ppotassium)/(Uosm)/(Posm)
Urine Na in mmol/L
Serum K in mmol/L
Urine K in mmol/L
Serum Osm in mOsm/kg
Urine Osm in mOsm/lg
TTKG: ___
__
REFERENCES (from PubMed):
  1. Lin CM, Tsai JD, Lo YF, Yan MT, Yang SS, Lin SH. Chronic renal failure in a boy with classic Bartter's syndrome due to a novel mutation in CLCNKB coding for the chloride channel. Eur J Pediatr. 2009 Sep;168(9):1129-33. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
  2. Mc Greevy C, Horan J, Jones D, Biswas K, O'Meara YM, Mulkerrin EC. A study of tubular potassium secretory capacity in older patients with hyperkalaemia. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008 Feb;12(2):152-5.
  3. Choi MJ, Ziyadeh FN. The utility of the transtubular potassium gradient in the evaluation of hyperkalemia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Mar;19(3):424-6. Epub 2008 Jan 23.
  4. Musso C, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I, De Miguel R, Imperiali N, Algranati L. Correlation between creatinine clearance and transtubular potassium concentration gradient in old people and chronic renal disease patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2007 Nov;18(4):551-5.
  5. Rangel EB, Gomes SA, Machado PG, dos Santos BF, Pestana JO, Pacheco-Silva A, Heilberg IP. Severe hyperkalemic type 4 renal tubular acidosis after kidney transplantation: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2006 Nov;38(9):3112-5.
  6. Musso C, Liakopoulos V, De Miguel R, Imperiali N, Algranati L. Transtubular potassium concentration gradient: comparison between healthy old people and chronic renal failure patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2006;38(2):387-90.
  7. Fujii H, Nakahama H, Yoshihara F, Nakamura S, Inenaga T, Kawano Y. Life-threatening hyperkalemia during a combined therapy with the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan and spironolactone. Kobe J Med Sci. 2005;51(1-2):1-6.
  8. Lim YS, Han JS, Kim KA, Yoon JH, Kim CY, Lee HS. Monitoring of transtubular potassium gradient in the diuretic management of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Liver. 2002 Oct;22(5):426-32

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